Looking at and pondering what many educational philosophies have in common with each other, I recently achieved a level of clarity and understanding, where everything fell into place for me.  I think I may have come up with a Grand Unified Theory of Homeschooling.  Actually, you could call it a Grand Unified Theory of Education, because I think this idea could be implemented in public schools as well… But, since I am a homeschooler, and this is a homeschooling blog, and to actually implement this in public schools would require far more change than most would probably be willing to do… let’s just stick with the “Homeschooling” side of it for now.

The fundamental basis of this Grand Unified Theory, upon which everything else rests, is this:

The most important stage of learning for any child is not until after they have started adolescence — usually around 14 years old.  There are essential changes that happen to the human brain when it goes through puberty.  Children around this age are capable of complex and abstract thought processes, and are able to analyze facts and ideas with great depth and insight.  This is almost entirely a function of physical development, and is not based on prior learning.

This is fairly well recognized as true, even if you haven’t specifically noticed it before.  This is the age of “high school” in the public schools, which is a very different environment than elementary and middle schools.  Classical education calls this stage “Rhetoric,” where students apply advanced logic and analysis to discuss, defend, and persuade myriad ideas.  The Waldorf tradition speaks of the “14-year change”, the beginning of the third 7-year-cycle of development.  In Waldorf terms, the first stage (up to age 7) is “hands” – primarily active and physical development and learning; the second stage (age 7-14) is “heart,” an age of deep feeling; and 14-21 is “head,” as they move into their intellect.

However you explain it, around age 14 is when our children become truly capable of deep learning.  And so my argument now, is that everything learned before age 14 is merely preparatory.  Not that it is unimportant, but that it is only skeletal.  A framework upon which the real learning that takes place in adolescence can be built.  Much as how knowing the letters of the alphabet is preparatory to reading (but is not, in itself, reading), education in the first 13 years of life is merely the setting up of the basic skills that will be needed for in-depth learning later.

So here is the second part of the Grand Unified Theory of Homeschooling.  Rather than worrying about “what my 5yo should know” or “what does a 3rd grader need to learn,” all we really need to concern ourselves with is “what should my child be able to do by the time he is 14 years old?”

Once you look at it this way, you find an awful lot of freedom.  You will quickly see that there are many ways to arrive at this goal.  And you will also, hopefully, realize that what any child knows at age 6 or 8 or 10 is, by and large, quite irrelevant.  (Not that the knowledge is irrelevant; just the age at which they learned it is irrelevant.)  Whether they start to read at 3 or 11, as long as they can read comfortably by the time they’re 14, that’s all that matters.  Whether they learn long division when they’re 8 or when they’re 13, as long as they’re okay with it by the time they’re 14, they’ll be fine.  Instead of worrying about lists and requirements for each and every year along the way, and whether we’re ahead or behind or what have you… why don’t we take a more long-term view of things?

And so the next piece of the puzzle, therefore, is what are those skills that are needed for the in-depth learning stage of adolescents?

This is my suggested list.  A child 14 years old should, by and large, know or know how to:

• read
• elementary arithmetic, fractions, patterns, decimals.
• cook a simple meal
• write a coherent paragraph
• look up something they don’t know (online or in books)
• do the laundry
• basic concept of historical eras in a broad sense
• basic concept of the earth, continents, and different cultures
• speak a few phrases in another language
• keep their belongings and their personal timetable organized
• basic understanding of money, budgeting
• draw, paint, sculpt
• tell time, understand seasonal cycles (not necessarily the mechanics of why there are cycles, just the fact that there are)
• brush their teeth, wash their hair, shower
• basic understanding of physical sciences (hot air goes up, gravity goes down, birds are alive and rocks are not)
• ride a bike
• swim
• cross the street safely
• talk to other people respectfully
• type
• choose nutritious food
• take public transportation
• light a match, build a campfire
• first aid
• sew on a button
• read music, play a musical instrument, or sing, at a basic level

You will notice that not all of this list is academic subjects.  In fact, most of it is not.  Yet all of these topics are, or should be, essential aspects of any child’s education.  They are all important skills needed for living life; and life is about much, much more than academic knowledge.

You will also notice that the academic parts of the list are rather short on details.  And that’s precisely the point.  The details are merely that — details.  All the fine-tuning, all the depth, all the details are easily learned in the adolescent or “high school” years.  One child might know a lot about, say, human biology by the time they’re 10, and that’s fine if that’s what interests them.  But it’s not necessary.  All that is truly necessary in the elementary years in terms of science, is that they keep a love of discovery and an interest in the natural world.

The same is true in pretty much every academic area.  Really all that is necessary is a basic framework.  The details and the depth come in high school.

So here is the final part of the Grand Unified Theory of Homeschooling.  Having recognized this list of skills as the goal for the first 13 years of life, it’s quite easy to recognize that it does not take 7-8 years of intense daily work and study to achieve those skills.  Some are best practiced from an early age, so as to develop good habits.  Others can be quite easily learned within a month or two by a 12 or 13-year-old child, even if it was completely ignored before.  Most homeschooling families will recognize that they will have mastered most (if not all) of these skills, at least the academic ones, long before 14 years old.

And so the point is, whatever style of homeschooling you find works best for your child and your family… in the end, the details don’t matter.  You can save yourself a lot of time, and a whole lot of stress, by not worrying about yearly timetables and schedules and curriculum requirements.  You can choose to follow a curriculum if you prefer to have that structure, but you don’t have to stress if your child seems “behind” when they’re 8 years old.  And even if they’re “ahead”, it’s still only just “details” — the real ‘deep’ learning still is not going to happen until they reach adolescence.  Until that time, everything else is just placeholding.  It is introductions.  It is frameworks.  It is exposure.  But that’s all it is.

Within this Grand Unified Theory of Homeschooling, there is an awful lot of freedom.  There is room for every individual circumstance.  Even the age of 14 is somewhat arbitrary… for some children, that stage of brain development comes a year or 2 earlier.  For others, it may be a year or 2 later.  But as a general goal to keep in mind, 14 is pretty consistent.

The main point I want to get across is this.  Grade levels and standard curricula are completely arbitrary, often based on child development science but not always, and are more often about being able to say you “did something” than about that ‘something’ being actually necessary to know at that age or stage.   Year-to-year curricula are useful for organization and planning, for learning habits and routines, but should not be taken as ‘rules’ or absolute guidelines for what a child should know at any particular age.  Far better, less stressful, less time-consuming, whatever homeschooling methodology or philosophy resonates best with you, is to take a long-range view.  Don’t fret about what they retain and what they forget when they’re still young, it’s all merely “details,” the real learning happens later.  Focus less on the year-to-year, and instead focus on the day-to-day art of living.

So what are your thoughts?  Is there something missing from this basic list of skills?  What are your experiences with the adolescent “change,” and how relevant – or not – were your children’s (or your own) learning experiences when younger?

One big change is that I stopped thinking in 6-week blocks a long time ago.  We will be going back into something like that, though, once we get our Waldorf on.  I’ve also been tracking what we’ve been doing with homeschoolskedtrack, which is fantastic, and lets me see at a glance exactly what we did, and when, and what we’re going to be doing, and (approximately) when!

Just for fun, I thought I’d check in and post an update, subject-for-subject in comparison with the March post.  So here we go, seven-and-a-half months later (or about 100 potential “school days”, accounting for occasional summer breaks…) this is how we’ve progressed:

Math

In March, we were at lesson 59 in RightStart level E.  Now we’ve finished lesson 108, and the end is in sight!  If we continue on schedule, we will be finished the level before Christmas and we’ll start Intermediate Geometry in January.  Recent lessons have focused on polygons, angles, and lots of drawing.

Over 100 school days, we’ve only worked on RightStart half the time, apparently.  But I should remember that we took a short break to focus on Life of Fred (which we didn’t have yet last March) and another break for some Math Mammoth extra fractions practice.

Our current math situation consists of RightStart every day, as well as additional practice time on ALEKS and/or Mathletics, both of which we’re trying out to see which one we will stick with.  We love ALEKS but Mathletics seems to be winning right now… Life of Fred is on hiatus just while we drive through the rest of RightStart level E, but he’s waiting patiently and we will have fun with him again soon!

Canadian Studies/Geography

The who the what now?  Oh that’s right, we used to be working on this.  But with so much on our plate, something had to go, and this was one of the somethings.  We will get back into it, probably with a multi-week block at some point.  It’s not gone forever, just not a current priority.

In fact, I’ve just downloaded a nifty learning-geography-through-art e-book (a really MASSIVE one) from currclick… looking forward to drawing from this resource (punny!) soon!

French

We’ve moved on from the oral-only approach we were using in the spring.  I think it did the trick, getting him over his last hurdles and fears about the language.  We had previously finished book 1 and started book 2 of L’art de lire, but took such a long break that he’d forgotten nearly everything.  I ordered fresh copies of books 1 and 2 (we still have all the CD’s and books 3-6) and we started anew!

Last week, we finished book 1 and are currently in the first unit of book 2.  I think he’s picking it up much better than before, and he certainly complains about it less!

While l’art de lire does have a CD, it is primarily a written language program.  So we’ve also added a primarily oral program, continuing the sort of thing I had started with him.  I’ve chosen Ecoutez, Parlez, and I have to say he loves it!  True to Charlotte Mason philosophies, the lessons are short and easy.  He simply repeats the same unit for 9 days, then goes on to the next unit.  He’s even started using some of the phrases he’s learned in everyday situations — a sure sign that it’s sticking!

Literature

This area was fascinating for me to review what we were doing in March, because it has reminded me of some things I should really bring back.  Somewhere along the way, we’ve lost his independent reading time.  He has been reading on his own, of course, but not overly much, and we’ve done virtually no literary narration at all for months.

So I will need to make sure I reincorporate reading time, with assigned books, into his daily rhythm.

On the plus side, though, we’ve maintained and even expanded read-aloud time, where I read to him.  Once we finished “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy,” we started “The Hobbit.”

This was met with… some resistance.  I think he remembered when I had tried reading The Hobbit to him years ago, when he was really too young and it was a disaster.  This time, he was literally yelling and crying at the thought.  I played the “mean mommy” card and started reading it to him anyway, yelling right over his wails.

Within the first page, he had stopped and was listening, then smiling.  Then begging for more.

In fact, when we finished “The Hobbit”, he begged that we continue straight into “Lord of the Rings”.  A challenging book for an 11-year-old, even if he doesn’t have to do the actual reading himself!

I’m so pleased to say that he’s been loving it.  It’s very slow going, we’ll go days where it’s just descriptions of landscapes, but he doesn’t mind.  He doesn’t mind my attempted renditions of elvish epic poetry.  And he has an astonishing recall of detail.

The party accompanying the ring has just set out from Rivendell and is quickly approaching Moria.  Flipper joked “300 pages in, and the story’s finally getting started!”

Anyway, I’ve also started reading aloud at snack time.  For this, it’s “Watership Down.”  Considering how much he has loved the feline “Warriors” series, I think he’ll enjoy the rabbits.

History

Back in March, I was free-styling my way through Ancient History.  Since then, we dove into History Odyssey – first with the level II free trial, and then (when that proved too much for him, being very new to the subject and a reluctant writer) the level I free trial.

Level I has been going much better — we supplement it a LOT with additional materials, but it’s a good core.  I’m still not sure, though, whether I’ll actually purchase the rest of the program once we’ve finished the free trial materials.  We may just continue on our own, now that I’ve got a better idea of how to go about it.

We have been moving very slowly through Ancient History.  Partly because we had stopped level II and then started over again in level I… but we’re still in ancient Mesopotamia.  That’s okay though, he’s enjoying it and just built a cool model ziggurat!

Science

In March, we were at week 22 of NOEO Biology II but had to backtrack a bit because he hadn’t been doing his summaries.  7 months later, we’ve just finished week 26…

Oy!  We’re taking our time with this.  Most weeks we only do 2 or 3 lessons, instead of the recommended 4.  I think that once we start working in blocks, I’m going to have a NOEO block, to really drive through and finish this thing.

It’s not that he doesn’t enjoy it.  In fact, right now we’re in a unit of building body models which he is having a great time with.  It’s just that it hasn’t been a priority.

We’ve added some other science-y stuff too, such as his Intellego unit study on Whales.  This is by far one of his favourite subjects.  We have a lapbook on Marine Habitats which we will do in the near future, as well.

Once we’re finished NOEO, we’re going to go through Ellen McHenry’s The Elements… then we’ll decide where to go from there.

I think that’s more than enough for one post… Look for part 2, where I’ll discuss what we’ve been doing in Music, Art, Grammar, Poetry, Handwriting, and Miscellaneous.

While all that was going on, on what otherwise would have been his first day of middle school, this was our day:

Slept in until about 8. Took our time having a healthy, hot breakfast.  No rush to get anywhere.  On to the “school day”:

Math: Lesson and practice on finding prime factors, practice on finding equivalent fractions, least common multiples, and adding unlike fractions.

Science:  Lesson on cellular biology.  Lesson on cetaceans, taxonomy of animals.  Watched videos of whales surfacing and free-diving with whales.

Grammar and Spelling:  Two practice pages on spelling rules, sentence combining, direct vs. indirect object, capitalization and punctuation, verbal analogies.  Daily list of 25 patterned spelling words.

Handwriting:  Began a new handwriting program to work with Flipper’s bad writing habits and difficulties — “Italics, Beautiful Handwriting for Children.”  Did the first two lessons.

French:  3 pages of written translations and exercises.

Phys. ed:  Running around outside, doing pushups.

Home ec:  Helping mom with washing walls, doors, and appliances; bringing in garbage and recycle bins; tidying the kitchen, doing laundry, cleaning his room, taking out the compost.

Music:  Practice on his electric guitar.

Poetry:  Tuesday Poetry Tea-Time, sharing cookies and iced tea and reading classic poetry to each other while practicing proper manners and politeness.  Well, mostly.

Reading:  Sitting outside in the sun, reading the latest in his current favourite book series.

Civics:  Watched Obama’s address to American kids online, discussed his reaction to it, and how it related to us in Canada.

All this and lunch too.  Probably about half of his work is independent, I don’t have to be actively “teaching” him or hovering over him for many of his lessons.  And he was finished everything – including “non-school” things like helping around the house, tea-time, and guitar practice – well before the neighbourhood kids were home from school. Total “academic” time was about 3 hours, maybe 3-and-a-half.

For most of the rest of the day, he played Civilization III on the PC, and regaled me with his tales of wiping Germany off the face of the earth (eeps!), learning that Kyoto was not just a misspelling of Tokyo, and finding the natural resources needed for steam locomotives to be developed.

He went snorkeling in the bathtub, helped me put together his schedule for tomorrow (his idea!), and went to bed with no homework and a smile on his face.

Whew!  A productive, happy, interesting day!

While Flipper was doing this, Pomme wanted in on the action too, of course.  She insisted on doing the same handwriting pages as Flipper, so I printed out a page for her too.  Doggone-it if she didn’t start writing beautiful “i’s” and “j’s” and “l’s”, just like that.  Shall I remind you she’s not yet 3?

She also practiced flower arranging, spoon-transfer of marbles, getting herself dressed and undressed (multiple times), emptied the dishwasher, sorted and dealt playing cards, counted on her fingers, watched Totoro again and told us all about it, acted out parts of the story, introduced us to yet another new imaginary friend, helped clean the kitchen, and “read” poetry to us at tea-time.

Now at this point, I should specify that we “do school” year-round, taking breaks and vacations whenever it’s convenient for us.  So sometimes we’re not working when kids are in school, and other times we are working when kids are not in school… which some people think is kind of weird.  But whatever.  That’s the freedom of homeschooling. We don’t have to take two months off just because it’s warm outside (we just move the lessons outside as much as possible!)  So today was not a sudden “first day back to classes,” Flipper has been “working” all summer.

But we don’t do as much over the summer as you might think, since there are summer camps, trips to visit family, gymnastics four days a week, and long lazy days where you just decide that sitting in the sun with your feet up is the most productive way to spend your time.

What did I do today? Other than working with my kids when they needed it, of course, I made cookies for tea-time, started planning fall repertoire for my band, did some laundry, cooked meals, did some gardening, goofed around on the internet, and actually updated my blog!

Homeschooling totally rocks our world.

Flipper was going to a friend’s house at lunchtime today, so he did most of his schoolwork this morning.  Since we’re following a kind of Charlotte Mason approach lately, most of his work is very short little things… he read a couple pages in an archaeology atlas and told me about them, read a chapter in his new book Island of the Blue Dolphins and told me about it, did a science lesson (NOEO, which involves reading a couple pages then writing a short summary), did a wordsearch puzzle on Canadian provinces and capital cities… really the only thing that is usually time-consuming is his math, and that’s only because he’s so distracted and fidgety it takes forever to get through the lesson.

The warmup wasn’t too bad today, he enjoys the puzzle numbers challenge.  The division facts practice sheet, however, is the big time killer.  He’ll start off with “I don’t know how to do this!!” (he’s known how to do division for at least 3 years), then start saying “what’s 4 divided by 24!!!  That makes no sense!!” (the question is 24/4)… before finally settling in and doing one question.  Rinse, repeat.  Or he stops to talk to his sister, blaming her for distracting him.  Etc etc.

Eventually he gets it done, and we move to the main lessons.  Millimeters today, and writing decimals to thousandths.  We love RightStart, how it has interwoven fractions, percents, decimals, and measurements in a beautiful way showing the interrelationships and having it all make sense.  He’s got it mastered to hundredths so far, and yet when we started by me writing 3.28 and asking him to read it, he said “three twenty-eighths.”  Sigh.  This is the frustrating part, when he knows how to do something but doesn’t stop to think, just randomly starts guessing as though it’s something he’s never seen before.

He did remember pretty quickly this time.  I wonder if the glare of death I shot his way had any accellerative action on his mental recovery.  I’m a good mommy.

The lesson itself went fine after that, he already knew that there were 10mm in 1cm, and 1000mm in 1m, so all seemed fine.  Until the first question on the worksheet… it asks to shade in on a picture of a ruler: one dm, plus one cm, plus one mm.  No problem, quickly done.  Then it asks how many mm that is.  He looks at it and starts thinking out loud… “let’s see… 10 hundred and…”  What?  Ten hundred?  Okay, how many mm are in a cm?  “A hundred!”  What?

Glare of death to the rescue again.  I’m a very good mommy.

Finally, he was set to finish the worksheet on his own and I went to do some housework, telling him to come get me when he was done.  It was not more than 10 minutes later he came to me, completed math in hand, cheery and chipper, saying “That was actually fun!!”

Oy vey.

I’m looking forward to the day when he remembers that he finds math fun before the lesson starts, rather than not until close to the very end.  Because this happens Every. Single. Day.

Anyway.  The other schoolish tasks on the schedule today were postponed until after he got back from his friend’s.  So we had a french lesson at suppertime — right now I’m just doing oral french with him for at least a few months, building up vocabulary and ease, before starting over with L’art de lire.  We had previously got into book 2, but it wasn’t “sticking” for him and it was torturous.  I believe that with a confidence in the basics of the spoken language already under his belt, all that writing will be less intimidating.

So far, he’s learned to count to 100, tell time, all the colours, how to say “I love to play the guitar”, a few foods, and some adjective opposites (thick/thin, big/little, tall/short, heavy/light).  He likes doing it this way, and especially the “big” numbers like 97, which literally translates to “four twenties and seventeen”.  Gotta love it.

Finally, his poetry-writing book had him writing a popcorn poem today, so he suggested we make some tonight and he would recite it to us, which we did, and he did.  Grandiose as all get-out in his delivery.  It was a silly little poem and missed the point of it being an exercise in sensory description (how does popcorn feel, smell, look, etc)… It was more like instructions on how you yourself could pretend to be popcorn by curling up into a ball then jumping up high.  But… coming from a hyperkinetic kid, I guess we shouldn’t be surprised.

What we didn’t get done today… his cursive, because he couldn’t find the book.  Daily Grams, because he’s done 10 pages since I last checked it so now I have to check it and tomorrow we’ll review any glitches.  And a few things that weren’t on the schedule for today… logic puzzles, Aesop’s fables, art, music.

I should also clarify, that we don’t consider ourselves “Christian Homeschoolers” although we more or less subscribe to the Christian faith. I’ve drifted more towards agnosticism myself in the past few years, and I hope to instill a sense of religious understanding and freedom for my son as he grows and matures, to come to intelligent decisions regarding his faith. We do use some Christian materials when they are of good quality, and Flipper enjoys them. I do think there are useful lessons on character development in our Christian materials. But our educational philosophy is not religion-centered or dogmatic, religion is simply one part of our life… how large a part it plays varies widely from person to person within our family!

Anyway, here’s what’s currently on our homeschool shelf:

RightStart Math level E
NOEO Science Biology II
Daily Grams Grade 5
Reason for Handwriting level F
Natural Speller
Reading Detective A1
Usborne Seashore Sticker Book

He also does piano and guitar practice, as well as exercise and martial arts practice.

Here’s what’s on deck to come up next, as we finish things off we add in something else:

Draw & Write Through History: Greece and Rome
Mind Benders A3
RightStart Intermediate Geometry
Easy Grammar Grade 6
Canadian Government unit study
Le Francais Facile 1A
J’Aime Lire
Christian Virtues through Aesop’s Fables
Word Roots A1
100 Vocabulary Words Kids Need to Know for Grade 5
100 Vocabulary Words Kids Need to Know for Grade 6
How to Write Poetry
How to Write Stories

More detailed reviews and explorations of some of these materials will come in later posts. I’ll also talk in later posts about what we’re doing with Pomme, who is, of course, only almost 2 years old!